Marilyn Monroe, stage name of Norma Jeane Baker ( Los Angeles , June 1 1926 -Los Angeles , August 5 1962 ), was an ' actress , singer , model and film producer U.S..
It is best known for her interpretations of Some Like It Hot ( Golden Globe for Best Actress in a movie comedy or musical ), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes , Bus Stop , The Misfits , and when the wife is on vacation . In the later film is the scene of lifting the skirt of the actress on a ventilation grille, which has contributed to the creation of the myth of Marilyn.
Her myth is due, in addition to its undeniable charm, but his artistic talent: Marilyn was not only the "wet dream of America", but it was also a fine actress. The fascination that emanated from the big screen and the glossy cover has helped make it a sex symbol out of all time, the fragility that has marked his life (in many ways, tumultuous, culminating in a death as untimely and mysterious) has made a real icon pop culture.
It was also a singer, not particularly excelled by gifts but with a tone of voice that can captivate the listener. Among his successes, almost all of the films entered in the context of her interpretation, there is also the famous My Heart Belongs To Daddy Cole Porter . Other major successes have been singing of Marilyn Bye Bye Baby, sung in the filmGentlemen Prefer Blondes , and I Want to Be Loved By You , sung in the film Some Like It Hot . The singer is Marilyn, however, remembered mostly for vocal intervention - immortalized in an enigmatic and fascinating video in black and white with the artist illuminated by a single bull's eye - the birthday party of President Kennedy , when he sang - with making mischievous and flirtatious - Happy Birthday, Mr. President .
BIOGRAPHY
The early years
He was born on 1 June 1926, at 9:30 am in the hospital ward of the county of Los Angelesrestricted to the needy. Gladys Pearl Monroe was her mother, who worked as a foreman at Consolidated Film Industries and had managed to take refuge only by a colletta.Le was given the name of Norma Jeane Mortenson, as stated on the birth certificate, but some months later he was baptized with the name of Norma Jeane Baker. The name given was the standard, in honor of Norma Talmadge , and Jeane, in honor of Jean Harlow , the favorite actresses of Gladys. The "and" Jeane's final name will be omitted several times in his signature, in fact often signed as Norma Jean (instead of Jeane) Baker. Its authorship has never been clearly defined. His biographers agree that the man listed as the father on the birth certificate, Martin Edward Mortenson, the baker Norwegian second husband of Gladys, was not actually his real father. It seems more likely that the father was Charles Stanley Gifford, a sales clerk in the studio where his mother worked in the installation . The divorced Gifford did not want to have links and left Gladys when she informed him of her pregnancy.
Marilyn was a child he was attracted to a photo, the mother told her that the man that was portrayed was his father, who died in an accident in New York, but he would not tell you the name and for years she never knew. Norma idealized father figure, which he said reminded Clark Gable , and dreamed constantly meet their idyllic, as when he found himself forced to a hospital bed after she had been removed the tonsils .
Gladys was the daughter of Otis Elmer Monroe ( 1,865th - 1,909th ) and Della Hogan (1876 - 1927 ). At first she married John Newton Baker, who kidnapped their two sons, Robert Jasper "Jackie" Baker ( January 16 1918 - August 16 , 1933 ) and Berniece Inez Gladys Baker (born on July 30 1919 ), when the couple separated. He succeeded, spending all his possessions, to recall the children who were in the state of Kentucky . Mortenson married later, but the two were separated before Gladys became pregnant with Norma Jeane.
Unable to persuade Della to look after the mother of the child, Gladys, was resolved to entrust Norma Jeane with Wayne and Ida Bolender, a couple who were very religious, which incorporated their meager income by taking in foster children Hawthorne , a town south-west of Los Angeles. From his mother, the couple received the amount of the check that perceived by the government, to keep it: five dollars a week. Norma Jeane lived with them until the age of seven years. In his autobiography, My Story, written with Ben Hecht, Marilyn said she was convinced that they were her parents until Ida, rather brutally, not corrected her, saying that he should not call her mother and that would have met the real one the next day.
After his death, Ida said she remained in touch and who had the serious intention to adopt, which could not do for lack of consent of Gladys.
Gladys was visiting on Saturday, but never hugged or kissed Norma Jeane, never even smiled. The girl had been entrusted to an English couple and Norma gave its contribution in housework. One day Gladys said he wanted to build a house, where all white could live together, and together they succeeded with his plan, including the British couple, went to live in that little house.
Among the furniture of the house where Norma Jeane and her mother lived together, albeit briefly, was a rather shabby white piano,which was said to have belonged to Fredric March , to furnish the mother was in debt, but had promised to pay debts and buy a sofa. Some time later the girl had breakfast and felt that someone had fallen down the stairs. He discovered that it was his mother, who suffered a nervous breakdown, due also to the fate of relatives: his father's hospitalization in the psychiatric hospital of Patton , his mother, Della, in Norwalk , and the suicide of his brother. [ 10] The mother was first hospitalized at Los Angeles General Hospital and then taken to Norwalk State Asylum , where she was diagnosed withparanoid schizophrenia .
Norma Jeane was taken into custody by state authorities. Gladys's best friend, Grace McKee (later Goddard), film archivist at Columbia Pictures, became her guardian, though the dissenting opinions of his friends, whose discussions were held awake Jeane small, and after his marriage with Grace Mr. Ervin Goddard, April 4 1935 Norma Jeane was sent to the orphanage Children's Home Society in Los Angeles, where he stayed from September 13 1935 [ until 1938 , worked here for the first time as vivandiere with a salary of 5 cents per month; it is said that the money went in part in hair ribbons and the rest offered to the church. In fact there was a transit institute since it was always entrusted to different families, nine to his memory where he suffered abuse and neglect, and each time returned to the orphanage, was accused of committing theft, but claimed to be innocent, but she claimed to mistreat some girls. His uniform was made up of a blue skirt and white shirt: I had two identical. Of the families with whom he lived only a good memory, of which an old lady loved to hear stories, but she brought it back to the orphanage. He also remembers an unpleasant experience, that of sexual harassment by a Mr. Kirmel at the time was nearly nine years. At the age of twelve he was without clothes to go to school and was forced to borrow a tight T-shirt: it was the first time that the boys found her attractive. For four months he returned to Grace, but the relationship he had with Goddard (the girl claimed to be molested by him, the confession of doubt which the sources) was then entrusted first to a great aunt Olive and then Ana Lower Then, in September 1941 , Grace McKee Goddard took it back with him. He attended Emerson Junior High School (public school) and the Van Nuys High School .
Norma Jeane knew the son of a neighbor, James Dougherty, who became her first husband at age 16. The Goddard were about to move on the east coast of the United States and believed that marriage was a good thing for the now teenage Norma Jeane. It was a girl with low self-esteem, but also with an opportunistic and aggressive side. It was very unfortunate and smarter than the image might suggest that the film then gave her.
The marriage was celebrated on June 19 1942 Standard and abandoned his studies to concentrate on married life, a few years earlier he had finished his studies in the same school Jane Russell , Marilyn actress with whom he starred in the future. At first she called Daddy's spouse. In 1944 her husband decided to enlist in the Navy, starting in missions that kept him away from his wife for a long time. Eventually, the two divorced on September 13 1946 .
Weddings and loves
James Dougherty
She married James Dougherty on June 19 1942 . Grace, moving with her husband, wanted to marry Norma Jeane so you do not have to return to the orphanage. In the books The Secret Happiness of Marilyn Monroe and To Norma Jeane with Love, Jimmie Dougherty said they were in love and that they lived happily dreams of success if they had withdrawn from him. In contrast, Monroe always maintained that it was a marriage of convenience arranged by Grace, who paid for Dougherty give her appointment. They divorced in 1946 .
In 1951 Joe DiMaggio saw a picture of Marilyn with two players of the Chicago White Sox : Joe Dobson and Gus Zernial and asked the second of two who was that blonde.Marilyn was wearing a bra and shorts and Flow rate at the time of shooting the horse. Joe waited until his retirement to ask to arrange an appointment with her. She who had heard only in name, would not meet him because she did not like the way to dress for athletes, too showy to hear her. Their first meeting was at Chasen's, a restaurant where he had organized a small party, and found himself facing a man dressed simply in gray, is confidential, of few words. The two sat down close by and there was only a small exchange of words. When the woman was about to leave Joe offered to take her, let her drive the car and wanted to drive it long, for about three hours. Joe spoke among other things of his friend, George Solotaire: usually gave him the task to intercede on his behalf by informing the woman with whom he came in May of that love affair was over, but as he said this was not the case.
They tell other versions of their first meeting, including that of Norman Brokaw that at thetelevision Light, Camera, Action The three had lunch at the Brown Derby and May saw the girl.
When he was suspended for the story of the musical, DiMaggio asked her to marry thinking that it was the right time, being free of her commitments. The January 14 1954 , their escape to the town hall of San Francisco was the culmination of two years of courtship which, through the magazines, had kept on hold the entire nation. During the trip to Japan was counting on Joe's lack of publicity promised by the studios that tried to boycott the success of the actress, but on arrival at Narita International Airport found 10,000 fans waiting for the actress. During his honeymoon he received a proposal made by General Christenberry, one to visit the troops in Korea , DiMaggio agreed and she left him in Tokyo by visiting the wounded soldiers, and began to sing for them, among others, the song Do It Again by George Gershwin , it discomfort gave the tour manager, and agreed on changing the words to "do it again" (do it again) to "kiss me again" (kiss me again)
The two settled in San Francisco , but Monroe ran away from home when a sister of the sample tried to teach her to cook. Their union was difficult, because of their conflicting personalities. The jealousy of DiMaggio, the son of Sicilian immigrants, hard to reconcile with the social life of Monroe. Richard Ben Cramer, DiMaggio's biographer, also states that he was violent. It is said that a fight broke out after the famous scene of her skirt lifted by the air of the subway when the Seven Year Itch (The Seven Year Itch), filmed in Lexington Avenue in New York on September 15 in front of hundreds of fans. The film director Billy Wilder recalled the expression of anger on the face of May while attending the scene. That scene haunted Joe until one evening when he was with his wife at theSt. Regis Hotel the two quarreled and he beat her. The next day he decided to start from one and three weeks later there was the separation , Oct. 5 after nine months of marriage.
When Marilyn announced her divorce Oct. 27, three weeks after the separation, citing the cause of mental cruelty, in the courts Orlando H Rhodes said there were long periods when the husband refused to talk to her and answered him that if he approached the leave it alone. The newspapers reported his statement to the 20th Century Fox in which he said that "our careers seem to hinder each other." Noted the comment of the pianist Oscar Levant nessun'uomo saying that this proved that he could succeed in two fields.
Di Maggio's jealousy led him to hire someprivate investigators after their separation, which will document the various lovers of women, the episode was celebrated with the singing teacher Hal Schaefer , where in an attempt to surprise the two, Di Maggio and Sinatra (who accompanied him on this adventure) were wrong apartment, they found the door breaking entering Florence Kotz scared that he cried; for this mistaken identity, then the two had to fight a case in which it demanded a compensation of $ 7,500 compared to the 200,000 required . The two lovers left the apartment of the actress Sheila Stuart .
May returned to the life of Marilyn at the end of her marriage to Miller. The February 7 1961 Marilyn, now addicted to drugs and alcohol and increasingly prey to mental disorders, who were quickly go from euphoria to abject despair, chose a voluntary admission to a psychiatric clinic in a department for cases of a serious nature. When staying in the nursing home for the unhappy actress became a real prison, the former baseball star was able to get it out and transfer it to another clinic. After she was discharged, reached in May in Florida , where he was engaged as a coach of his old team, the New York Yankees . They declare themselves "just friends" did not prevent the tabloid rumors of a second marriage. According to DiMaggio biographer Maury Allen, the baseball player left a job for $ 100,000 a year in military equipment to return to Californiaand ask Marilyn to remarry him.
Arthur Miller
| "The vitality of a woman who does not understand but that seems about to light a vast expanse of darkness that surrounds us" | |
( Arthur Miller describes the actress after her first encounter with Marilyn Monroe) |
Later, she married the famous American playwright jew Arthur Miller , known long before the time of the film The charming liar , In a civil ceremony on June 29 1956 and Jewish ceremony two days later. This union has been called unthinkable, second only to that of "a cat with an owl"
After two-week honeymoon in Jamaica , Marilyn decided to live in her husband's ranch in Roxbury , Connecticut in November of 1956. Marilyn Miller wanted a child, but during their relationship had three miscarriages , the first was when I came back from ' England, after completing The Prince and the Showgirl (The Prince and the Showgirl), discovered she was pregnant. Unfortunately she suffered from endometriosis , which is why the pregnancy was at risk and she interrupted her not to risk his life ( 1 August 1957 ). A second pregnancy ended in miscarriage.
In 1958 the Monroe kept both, in addition to pay alimony to former wife of Miller. He bought a Jaguar while they were in England, sent in the United States and blamed it all to the production house of his wife. His script The Misfits (The Misfits) wanted to be a Valentine present for her, but when the shooting began, the marriage was wrecked. Marilyn's behavior on the set and home life - because of the widespread use of drugs and alcohol by the actress - was rather unstable: she was very impatient with her husband, and settled between the two gradually develop a diversity of views irreconcilable.
'S November 11 there was the official separation between the two and then obtained a divorce from Marilyn Miller in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico on 24 January 1961 .
Following Miller fury with the comments against his former wife and this was taken over by Lee Strasberg on the contrary had a good impression of her.
In the documentary of the 2003 Marilyn's Men, retired from the LAPD, Dougherty says he was the creator of Marilyn Monroe. No biographer has yet found no evidence of this statement or alleged obligation of a divorce from him that would have imposed Marilyn Fox, in spite of which would have remained friends until his death. The fact that in 1953the Monroe reacted furiously to claims by Dougherty Photoplay magazine in which he declared that she loved her seem totally deny these allegations. Dougherty, who later donned a police uniform, has lived in Maine with his third wife until her death in 2003 , surviving, then, more than four decades to Monroe.
On January 21, 1961 Miller divorced for incompatibility of character, which became effective three days later.
The February 17 1962 Miller married Inge Morath , photographer of the famous Magnum agency, who had, among other things, documented with stunning images in Nevada shooting of The Misfits. In January 1964 he debuted his work in theater After the Fall, which featured a beautiful but terrible shrew-faced girl named Maggie. The character, psychologically fragile, angered all friends of Monroe, who saw a grim plight of the speculation of the actress in the last years of his life. His most recent work on Broadway, Finishing the Picture, is based on the making of The Misfits. Miller died Feb. 10, 2005 at his farm in Roxbury, Connecticut, the one he had bought with Monroe at the time of his marriage, and that the actress chose to leave when they divorced.
Marilyn and John Kennedy
The sources disagree on the first meeting between the plaintiff and the future President of the United States of America . The journalist Jean Marcilly , thanks to the confessions made to him by the same Marilyn tells the beginning of the relationship between Monroe and John F. Kennedy : the moment when the star lived a particularly difficult time with Miller (she recently had an abortion), he was threat of attacks. The woman asked to calm down with Frank Sinatra that acted as an intermediary, a meeting with the senator told her she had nothing to fear. Others report that it was thanks to one of the agents had by actress, Charles Feldman , who in 1954 at a party at his house the two met. It was a simple family gathering, but the two met again at home and a relative of the actor Peter Lawford in 1957.
The sources however agree that thanks to Peter Lawford the two could meet again. In 1959 at a time when the rumor of his acquaintance with Yves Montand while filmingLet's Make Love (Let's make love), she hastened to deny it all at a press conference, which never did before. At first Kennedy could afford to be seen in company with Monroe and many times it seems they were customers of the 'Holiday House in Malibu and then toSanta Monica house in Lawford.
In July of 1960 in the days when you worked inThe Misfits investigator Frank Hronek stationing themselves by controlling the home of his wife Lawford and Patricia Kennedy Lawford , including from an informant that Kennedy would go from Monroe to rest. They continued their research: was interviewed a waiter named Ross Acuna, on the evening of Kennedy's famous speech at the Coliseum (July 14, 1960) saw the first sitting Monroe accompanied by Sammy Davis Jr.and then come Kennedy Davis and disappeared.
The relationship with the President had also confided to the journalist Sidney Skolsky .The journalist believed the words of the woman and noticed, in the confidences, which she called him by name but only the president.
David Heymann told in his biography of Jackie Kennedy and Marilyn meetings between the Carlyle in New York and his flight on ' Air Force One where he said that it was the secretary of Peter Lawford. As late as November 1961 the president was seen, according to the testimony of Philip Watson in the company of Marilyn at the Beverly Hilton Hotel
Kennedy later distanced himself by actress. When Marilyn Monroe gave him a gold Rolex watch engraved with the words' with love as always Marilyn " ("With love and forever") the clock was donated to an employee. The object was then sold in 2004 for $ 4.7 million
Marilyn also attended by Robert Kennedy , the president's brother, and was his last lover. The sources said he also had initially promised to marry her recklessly and that she went around telling his friends that his wife would become a very important man, as the journalist WJ Weatherly or as others say in the last days of life would soon be told that the wife of Bobby Kennedy Arthur Schlesinger Jr. said that Robert knew very well what it felt like the actress, better than many others. The two met again in the home ofPatricia Lawford . The sources agree that in those days, Marilyn said that she is pregnant, and her friend Eunice Murray Agnes Flanagan that the hairdresser, the latter said that Marilyn had an abortion, most likely in Mexico. These testimonies are confirmed by the investigations conducted by Fred Otash who came to the conclusion that abortion with the help of a U.S. doctor who followed her to Tijuana, Mexico state. In any case during the autopsy did not find traces, evidently because the ' abortion, natural or caused it to be, had occurred several weeks before his death.
Marilyn and Rainier III of Monaco
Aristotle Onassis in 1955 he sought a companion for Rainier III of Monaco among the Hollywood stars. With the help of George Schlee, who contacted the publisher of the magazine look Gardner Cowles , Marilyn Monroe was proposed.
Marilyn (Miller tied at the time), on Ranieri questioned by Schlee (called in question the Reindeer), replied that he knew where the principality but that two days would be enough to get married in his company. He then married Grace Kelly .
Marilyn and women
The only relationship sapphic what was confirmed by her intercourse with Joan Crawford , later rejected as a lover, to hear why she was later the subject of criticism from her Mossali. He knew, thanks to Constance Collier , and Greta Garbo in April 1955 and spoke among other things he wanted Monroe to play the part of Ophelia and make a film of Dorian Gray , where the divine and Dorian Monroe was one of the girls seduced. Only because of these talks opened a file called Love Story Marilyn-Greta.
During the murder of Elizabeth Short in Los Angeles happened, survey by J. Edgar Hoover during which there were innumerable and unlikely suspects (including Orson Welles and Woody Guthrie ), his name was linked to the woman at the time was known as Norma Jeane as possible bedfellow, no testimony or other evidence.
